阅读这支影片的文字描述
Uganda
"Nsubuga", Farmer
This is where the pipeline will pass.I am very worried because it is so close to my house and I don’t know what will happen.
Narration
All along the route of the planned East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP), the echoes of communities voicing the same concerns. If built, the 1,443 kilometer pipeline would link the Tilenga and Kingfisher oil fields in western Uganda to the Tanzanian coast.
Diana Nabiruma, Africa Institute of Energy Governance
There is a lot of resistance against the EACOP because the Tilenga, Kingfisher, and EACOP oil projects are bad for people, are bad for nature, and are bad for climate change.
Maxwell Atuhura, Environmental Activist
I object the pipeline because it has displaced thousands and thousands of people without enabling them to regain their land elsewhere.
Narration
TotalEnergies and the Chinese company CNOOC acquired the rights to develop
the oil fields along with Ugandan and Tanzanian companies. Uganda has considerable renewable energy potential. It doesn’t need the pipeline.
"Nsubuga", Farmer
There were trees all over here but they were cut and the government isn’t saying
anything about this.
Narration
Like some 90% of farmers, Nsubuga accepted money in exchange for a plot of his land,but he described a process that was lengthy and confusing and many promises, including some assistance with the school fees, unkept.
"Nsubuga", Farmer
Over the years, the same coffee plants our grandparents had farmed helped pay the children school fees throughout the school year,but now this is not the case anymore and the children’s school fees are always going up.
Narration
Problems around the relocation of the families’ graves, caused more resentment towards
TotalEnergies.The compensation offered at the time wasn’t always enough for the
traditional rituals to be conducted.
Not far from here, Lubega is one of the few farmers who refused compensation
from TotalEnergies.
"Lubega", Farmer
The first time they came they told us that a mature coffee tree will be valued at 33,000 Ugandan shillings (US$9). We told them that it takes a lot of time to grow coffee until it’s this big.You have to dig the pit, buy the seedlings, plant the coffee, so their valuation was unfair.
That’s why I first refused to sign the contract. I don’t think the forms they brought were clear.
I didn’t notice certain words, couldn’t read them. A lot was not clear.
Narration
TotalEnergies promised farmers would not be worse off but those leaving their land have not
been fairly compensated. The money received didn’t allow them to purchase land as fertile or as big in the same area. 100,000 people across Uganda and Tanzania will lose their land and livelihoods.
Maxwell Atuhura, Environmental Activist
People were dependent on their land for survival, schooling their children, medication and all sorts of income in their home. They lost it. And it was long-term, the families
grew up being supported by that land. But one project is coming and
taking it in just a few hours!
Narration
In a response to Human Rights Watch reporting about inadequate compensation, TotalEnergies said they continue to pay close attentionto respecting the rights of communities concerned
and added they believe the compensation paid met the standard of full replacement value.
"Lubega", Farmer
Once the pipeline starts working, I don’t know if I will still be able to grow
stuff like beans or coffee. I fear it will never be the same. Those who resist and those
who defend them, risk arrest and continuous threats from the Ugandan authorities.
Diana Nabiruma, Africa Institute of Energy Governance
If you’re campaigning to stop the expansion of the fossil fuel industry, it is very difficult.
More so if you’re working in a country such as Uganda where the civic space is repressed.
Now when they realize that arrest can't stop you, then intimidation, threats,
delegitimization,and other types of activities that aim at stopping the work that we do
are perpetrated against us.
Maxwell Atuhura, Environmental Activist
The method of continuing has been silencing those who want to talk. They [Ugandan authorities] create fear to talk about these dangers to see that nobody else should
talk about it.
Narration
Jealousy, a farmer and a pastor from the northern part of the country, decided to take the fight against EACOP and TotalEnergies to France.
Jealousy, pastor and farmer
Then when I was coming back to my motherland Uganda, I reached at Entebbe airport,
I was arrested, detained in jail for nine hours. And after I came back, I got
intimidation calls from different people. They called me, I didn't know them,
saying you’re sabotaging government,you’re sabotaging the oil project.
Narration
And while the farmers wonder what the futureholds for them, activists hope international
financial backers will steer clear of supporting EACOP.
Diana Nabiruma, Africa Institute of Energy Governance
We would also like to see the international community ensuring that investments or money is flowing into the green economic sectors. It's not enough for them to take away funding from the fossil fuel sector. They must ensure that the funding that has been going to that sector flows to renewable energy and other green economic sectors so that Ugandans and people elsewhere, can prosper while conserving nature.
We can’t name the Ugandan filmmakers for security reasons. We would like to thank them and all the contributors who spoke with us.
- 乌干达反化石燃料运动人士和环境捍卫者因为抗议一项计划中的原油管道，一再面临包括任意逮捕在内的骚扰。
- 该项目摧毁乌干达成千上万人的生计，并可能带来数十年的温室气体排放，加剧全球气候危机。
- 乌干达政府应尊重所有社运人士的权利，撤销对行使集会与言论自由人士的刑事控告。道抗争被扼杀
（内罗比）－人权观察今天发表报告指出，乌干达环境捍卫者和反化石燃料运动人士经常因为抗议东非原油管道计划面临任意逮捕、骚扰和威胁。
该报告篇幅22页， 题为《‘不准搞石油工作’：乌干达对环境捍卫者的镇压》，内容记录乌干达政府限制与原油开发有关的言论、结社和集会自由，包括规划中的东非原油管道。公民社会组织和环境捍卫者经常举报被恐吓骚扰、非法拘留或任意逮捕
“这种镇压造成寒蝉效应，导致有关这个世界最具争议化石燃料项目的言论自由遭到扼杀，” 人权观察环境问题高级研究员菲利克斯・宏恩（Felix Horne）说。“乌干达政府应立即停止任意逮捕反油管运动人士，遵循国际人权规范保障其行使言论自由的权利。”
人权观察从2023年3月到10月访问了31名乌干达人士，包括21名环境捍卫者。
该油管是全球最重要的化石燃料基础建设开发项目之一，包括数百座钻油井，数百公里的道路、营地和其他基础建设，还有一条长达1,443公里的油管——世界最长的加热原油管道——由乌干达西部油田直通坦桑尼亚东部的坦噶（Tanga）港。
法国化石燃料巨头道达尔石油集团是该项目营运者和主要股东，其他股东包括中国海洋石油总公司（中海油）、乌干达国家石油公司和坦桑尼亚石油开发公司。但政府间气候变化专门委员会（世界气候变化问题主要专责单位）和其他机构均提出警告，如果全世界企图达成《巴黎协定》目标俾能尽量避免气候变化的最坏后果，就不能再进行任何新的化石燃料项目。
社运人士正在抗议这项油管建设及其对沿途居民的处置。逾10万名乌干达和坦桑尼亚民众将因这项石油开发计划而丧失土地。许多社运人士向人权观察表示，因为持续遭到地方政府和治安官员威胁，他们支援失地民众的工作日益艰难。
乌干达当局经常基于政治动机拘留和逮捕社运人士和人权捍卫者。环境捍卫者阿塔胡拉（Maxwell Atahura）描述2021年他在布利萨（Bullisa）被捕的情形： “［警察］当时正在问我有关原油的问题⋯才讲到一半，他们说我是恐怖分子，破坏政府项目⋯。最后他们在警方保释单写上‘非法集会’。” 阿塔胡拉并说他曾遭到威胁，最后为安全起见迁居坎帕拉。
乌干达总统穆塞韦尼（Yoweri Museveni）是东非原油管道项目的坚定后盾。他曾发出警告说，他绝不“允许任何人捣乱⋯［他的］原油。”
自2021年10月至今，至少30名抗议或试图解决石油项目恶果人士在坎帕拉和乌干达其他地区遭到政治动机的逮捕。 2021年，乌干达政府引用2016年非政府组织法的含糊条文勒令54个组织停业，包括一些关注石油业和其他环境议题的机构。持续关注石油议题的当地组织面临来自政府的极大压力，并有安全官员通过电话和当面施压以阻挠他们关于石油业的倡议活动。
由于影响政府政策的管道不多，有些乌干达非政府组织结合国际伙伴团体到法国去控告道达尔集团。两名于2019年12月赴法国出庭人士回国后遭到安全单位和政府官员长期骚扰。
乌干达社运人士强烈质疑该项目对当地环境和社群带来风险，并将助长气候变化。社运人士批评乌干达政府批准这一石油项目，以及参与该项目融资、保险、营造或营运的乌干达公司与跨国企业。
人权观察指出，在协助因石油开发被强征土地民众了解补偿程序和各种确保补偿公平的管道方面，当地公民社会团体的角色不可或缺。据人权观察今年7月报导，与油管征地项目有关的人权侵犯包括补偿不足以及官员持续施压、拒绝补偿条件者被威胁提告并遭地方政府和安全官员威吓。
道达尔集团于10月23日致函人权观察表示，该集团承认 “保护人权捍卫者，以及绝不容许针对以和平、合法方式促进其活动相关人权的人士施加攻击或威胁，十分重要。”
人权观察也致函乌干达全国非政府组织管理局（National Bureau for Nongovernmental Organisations，内政部下设的半自主机构）、内部安全组织（Internal Security Organisation）和乌干达警察部队（Uganda Police Force），但无一回覆。
由于油管项目遭到乌干达和全世界公民社会组织及气候社运人士的反对，许多金融机构和保险公司公开承诺不支持这条原油管道。油管融资至今尚未达标，不过道达尔集团于今年3月表示，该公司预期项目资金将于2023年年底前到位。
“东非原油管道的兴建和营运将带来巨大的环境风险和人权风险，并助长全球气候危机，” 宏恩说。“鉴于化石燃料对气候变化的毁灭性影响，以及未来可能产生的严重人权影响，所有金融机构和保险公司均应避免支持这条乌干达石油管道。”
